Debt Collection Rights (FDCPA Basics)

• Collectors generally must send a validation notice describing the debt, the amount and how to dispute it.
• If you dispute in writing within the validation period, the collector must pause collection until it verifies the debt.
• Collectors may not harass, threaten, use obscene language or make false statements.
• You can ask in writing that a collector stop contacting you; they may still sue or tell you about specific actions.
• Complaints can be filed with the CFPB and the FTC.

The FDCPA mainly applies to third-party collectors and debt buyers, not usually the original creditor collecting its own debt. Many states have additional laws.

Every state sets a statute of limitations for suing on a debt. A payment can sometimes restart that clock, so check your state's rules before paying an old debt.